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Introduction Kubernetes (k8s) is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Kubernetes Architecture Masters The master node manages the Kubernetes cluster. It coordinates all activities, such as scheduling, scaling, and updating applications. Components: API Server: The front-end of the Kubernetes control plane. etcd: A distributed key-value store for configuration data. Controller Manager: Manages controllers that handle routine tasks. Scheduler: Assigns workloads to nodes based on resource availability and policies....

Introduction to Lua Lua is a powerful, efficient, lightweight, embeddable scripting language. It is designed to be embedded in other applications, providing flexibility and extensibility. Lua is widely used in game development, embedded systems, web applications, and more due to its simple syntax, fast execution, and ease of integration. What is Lua? Key Features Lightweight and Fast: Lua is designed to have a small footprint and execute rapidly, making it ideal for performance-critical applications....

Introduction to Nginx Nginx (pronounced as “Engine-X”) is a high-performance, open-source web server, reverse proxy server, and email (IMAP/POP3) proxy server. What is Nginx? Key Features High Performance: Ability to handle thousands of concurrent connections with minimal memory footprint. Reverse Proxying: Acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from servers. Load Balancing: Distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability and uptime. SSL/TLS Support: Provides secure connections using SSL/TLS protocols....

Introduction to OpenResty OpenResty is a dynamic web platform that integrates Nginx with the powerful Lua scripting language. It is designed to build scalable web applications, web services, and dynamic web gateways. By combining the high performance of Nginx with the flexibility of Lua, OpenResty enables developers to handle complex processing at the edge of the network. What is OpenResty? OpenResty extends Nginx by bundling it with a set of powerful Lua libraries and modules (known as LuaJIT)....

1. Strings Strings in Go are immutable sequences of bytes, typically used to represent UTF-8 encoded text. Structure type stringStruct struct { str unsafe.Pointer len int } Memory Layout stringStruct +----------------+ | str (uintptr) | ---> [byte array] | len (int) | +----------------+ Detailed Implementation Creation When a string literal is used, the compiler allocates the bytes in read-only memory. Runtime string creation (e.g., string concatenation) allocates new memory and copies bytes....

Binary Tree A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the left child and the right child. B-Tree A B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. It is optimized for systems that read and write large blocks of data. B+ Tree A B+ tree is an extension of a B-tree, optimized for systems that read and write large blocks of data....

What is the difference between an array and a linked list? Array: Fixed size (in most languages) Contiguous memory allocation Fast random access Insertion/deletion is expensive (except at the end) Linked List: Dynamic size Non-contiguous memory allocation Slow random access Fast insertion/deletion Explain the difference between a stack and a queue. Stack: Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) structure Push (insert) and pop (remove) operations occur at the same end Used for function calls, undo mechanisms, expression evaluation Queue:...

What is Gin Web Framework? Gin is a lightweight, high-performance web framework for Go, inspired by Martini but with a focus on speed and efficiency. Key Features of Gin Gin is packed with features that make web development in Go both enjoyable and efficient. Here are some of its standout features: 1. High Performance Gin is designed for speed. It outperforms many other Go frameworks by optimizing routing and minimizing middleware overhead, ensuring rapid request processing....

Implementation Overview The ListenAndServe function is part of Go’s standard library in the net/http package. Its primary purpose is to start an HTTP server that listens on a specified address and handles incoming requests. func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error { server := &Server{Addr: addr, Handler: handler} return server.ListenAndServe() } This function creates a Server instance and calls its ListenAndServe method. Detailed Implementation The core logic is in the Server.ListenAndServe and Server....

What is the OSI model? Physical Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer Explain the difference between TCP and UDP. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Connection-oriented Reliable, ensures all data is received Flow control and congestion control Slower than UDP Used for applications requiring high reliability (e.g., file transfer, email) UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless Unreliable, doesn’t guarantee data delivery No flow control or congestion control Faster than TCP Used for applications that prioritize speed (e....